What was studied?
The research question and design
This review examined hundreds of published clinical trials using mesenchymal stromal cells across different diseases, cell sources, routes and dosing approaches. Doses around one million cells per kilogram appear in human studies, alongside both lower and higher quantities.
What researchers found
The useful signal
The literature shows that one million cells per kilogram is a recognizable and frequently used clinical reference. It does not show that one dose is optimal for every person, objective, product or route, and increasing cell quantity does not reliably produce a proportionally better result.
What this does not prove
Limitations that change the interpretation
- The reviewed trials covered many different medical conditions rather than healthy-aging programmes.
- Cell source, manufacturing, viability, route and repeat dosing varied substantially.
- A commonly studied dose is not the same as a proven optimal dose.
- The review does not establish a universal maximum safe dose or a longevity benefit in healthy adults.
What this means for a consumer
Use the evidence for a better question - not a guarantee.
Use one million cells per kilogram as a point of reference for a physician-led conversation, not as a target to reach automatically. Ask why the proposed quantity fits your health context, objective, cell preparation and route - and what evidence supports choosing more.
Hallmarks connection
Biological pathways discussed
A connection to a hallmark does not demonstrate that the hallmark has been reversed or that aging has slowed.